Թեմա - Ferdowsi
Տեսակ - Կուրսային, անհատական և ստուգողական աշխատանքներ
Գին - 4200 դրամ
Առարկա - Անգլերեն լեզվով
Էջեր - 14
Hakīm Abū l-Qāsim Ferdowsi
Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings")
Conclusion
2. Davis, Dick (2006). Introduction. Shahnameh: the Persian book of kings. By Ferdowsi, Abolqasem. Viking.
3. Frye, Richard N. (1963). The Heritage of Persia: The Pre-Islamic History of One of the World s Great Civilizations. New York: World Publishing Company.
4. NՓldeke, Theodor, and L. Bogdanov. (1930). The Iranian national epic, or The Shahnamah. K.R. Cama Oriental Institute publication.
5. Rosenberg, Donna. (1997). Folklore, myths, and legends: a world perspective. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Pub. Group.
6. Sally Pomme Clayton. (2005). Life of Ferdowsi. British Library. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
Abu ʾl-Qasim Ferdowsi Tusi (c. 940–1020), or Ferdowsi also transliterated as Firdawsi, Firdusi, Firdosi, Firdausi) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is the world s longest epic poem created by a single poet, and the national epic of Greater Iran.
Ferdowsi was born into a family of Iranian landowners (dehqans) in 940 in the village of Paj, near the city of Tus, in the Khorasan region of the Samanid Empire, which is located in the present-day Razavi Khorasan Province of northeastern Iran. Little is known about Ferdowsi s early life. The poet had a wife, who was probably literate and came from the same dehqan class. He had a son, who died at the age of 37, and was mourned by the poet in an elegy, which he inserted into the Shahnameh.
Ferdowsi belonged to the class of dehqans. These were landowning Iranian aristocrats who had flourished under the Sassanid dynasty (the last pre-Islamic dynasty to rule Iran) and whose power, though diminished, had survived into the Islamic era, which followed the Arab conquests of the 7th century. The dehqans were intensely patriotic (so much so that dehqan is sometimes used as a synonym for "Iranian" in the Shahnameh) and saw it as their task to preserve the cultural traditions of Iran, including the legendary tales about its kings.
The Muslim conquests of the 7th century had been a watershed in Iranian history, bringing the new religion of Islam, submitting Iranians to the rule of the Arab caliphate and promoting Arabic culture and language at the expense of Persian. By the late 9th century, the power of the caliphate had weakened and local Iranian dynasties emerged. Ferdowsi grew up in Tus, a city under the control of one of these dynasties, the Samanids, who claimed descent from the Sassanid general Bahram Chobin (whose story Ferdowsi recounts in one of the later sections of the Shahnameh). The Samanid bureaucracy used the New Persian language rather than Arabic and the Samanid elite had a great interest in pre-Islamic Iran and its traditions and commissioned translations of Pahlavi (Middle Persian) texts into New Persian. Abu Mansur Muhammad, a dehqan and governor of Tus, had ordered his minister Abu Mansur Mamari to invite several local scholars to compile a prose Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which was completed in 1010. Although it no longer survives, Ferdowsi used it as one of the sources of his epic. Samanid rulers were patrons of such important Persian poets as Rudaki and Daqiqi, and Ferdowsi followed in the footsteps of these writers.