Թեմա - Borrowings in English
Տեսակ - Կուրսային, անհատական և ստուգողական աշխատանքներ
Գին - 4000 դրամ
Առարկա - Անգլերեն լեզվով
Էջեր - 16
Introduction
Borrowings in English
Conclusion
Bibliography
1. Arnold, I.V. The English word, M., 1986
2. Атрушина Г. Б., Афанасьева О. В., Морозова Н. Н. А72 Лексикология английского языка: Учеб. пособие для студентов. — М.: Дрофа, 1999.
3. Лексикология английского языка: Учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз./Р. 3. Гинзбург, С. С. Хидекель, Г. Ю. Князева и А. А. Санкин. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — М.: Высш. школа, 1979.
4. Никитин М. В. Лексическое значение слова. М., 1983.
5. Akhmanova O. (ed.) Lexicology: Theory and Method. M., 1972. Antal L. Questions of Meaning. The Hague, 1963.
6. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology/ Ed. by C.T. Onions. Oxford, 1966.
7. Barnhart C.L., Steinmetz, Sol, Barnhart R.K. A Dictionary of New English. 1963-1972. London, 1973
8. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, Mass., 1961.
In the study of the borrowed element in English the main emphasis is as a rule placed on the Middle English period. Borrowings of later periods became the object of investigation only in recent years. These investigations have shown that the flow of borrowings has been steady and uninterrupted. The greatest number has come from French. They refer to various fields of social-political, scientific and cultural life. A large portion of borrowings (41%) is scientific and technical terms. Diachronically the interdependence of words within the lexical subsystem may be seen by observing shifts in the meaning of existing words that occur when a new word is introduced into their semantic sphere. This interdependence is one of the reasons why historical linguistics can never achieve any valuable results if it observes only the development of isolated words. Almost any change in one word will cause changes in one or several other words. Characteristic examples are to be found in the influence of borrowings upon native words. The native OE haerfest (ModE harvest || Germ Herbst) originally meant not only the gathering of grain’ but also ‘the season for reaping’. Beginning with the end of the 14th century, that is after the Romance word autumne > autumn was borrowed, the second meaning in the native word was lost and transferred to the word autumn(Arnold,1986:24).
The number and character of borrowed words tell us of the relations between the peoples, the level of their culture, etc. It is for this reason that borrowings have often been called the milestones of history. Thus if we go through the lists of borrowings in English and arrange them in groups according to their meaning, we shall be able to obtain much valuable information with regard to England’s contacts with many nations. Some borrowings, however, cannot be explained by the direct influence of certain historical conditions, they do.........